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Aims:
In 2018, a number of grower network meetings concluded that correct identification of summer weeds and their management was an important local issue. It was also identified that new species of summer weeds are becoming more prevalent and control is becoming problematic and costly. In response, the summer weed survey of WA cropping districts comm… read more
In 2018, a number of grower network meetings concluded that correct identification of summer weeds and their management was an important local issue. It was also identified that new species of summer weeds are becoming more prevalent and control is becoming problematic and costly. In response, the summer weed survey of WA cropping districts commenced. In-paddock surveys were conducted in 197 paddocks over the summers of 2019-20 and 2020-21 to identify the diversity and abundance of summer weed species present across the GRDC Western region. The surveys covered the 6 agro-ecological zones (Agzones).
Aims:
This survey conducted over the summers of 2019-20 and 2020-21 has updated the summer fallow weed baseline for the Western Australia cropping zone from what was found in 2006 by Michael et al. (2010). That survey found 51 weed species (including volunteers) from 18 plant families, being on par with what was found by Lemerle et al. (1996) in southern NSW. This project found a total of 74 weed species – 57 broadleaf, 16 grass and one monocotyledon species – plus 13 volunteer crop and pasture species. Volunteer species were some of the most abundant weeds (3 of the top 6 most abundant species) in both surveys. This highlights the importance of managing summer weeds as they create green bridges for pests and diseases between years. The ratio of broadleaf to grass species was 3.6:1 over the two years, excluding volunteers. The six most abundant broadleaf weeds were capeweed, mintweed, paddy melon, Afghan melon, caltrop and small-flowered mallow. The six most abundant grass weed species were annual ryegrass, stink grass, button grass, small burrgrass, barley grass and windmill grass. The rank of the species varied between the two surveys. Both weed diversity and abundance varied between Agzones, particularly with broadleaf weed species. Agzone 1 tended to be the least diverse while Agzone 4 was the most diverse in broadleaf and grass species in 2019-20 and Agzone 6 was most diverse in 2020-21. The differences in species diversity and abundance between Agzones in abundance and species mixtures suggest management messages need to be relatively zone-specific. This research has shown that a wide range of climatic and environmental factors dictate the occurrence for specific weeds. Weeds that were found in five or six Agzones will have fewer specific germination requirements compared with less abundant and diverse species. Differences in the surveys between years shows the importance of multi-year projects involving weeds. Ideally this project would have run for a third season to help remove any bias from highly variable summer seasons. This would also give additional information on how different weed species react to different seasonal conditions. This project has also highlighted the paucity of relevant information on the effects of stubble cover on summer on weed germination and establishment. Most research has looked at parameters such as weed growth and seed yield. Five early career DPIRD agronomists were trained in weed identification and survey technique. They now have increased skills in in weed identification, particularly knowing about the wider range of useful weed identification resources.
Bookmarks search the OFT trial database for any research related to a current theme.
| Bookmark | Listed | Options | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative Crops | Y | |||
| Nitrogen use efficiency | Y | |||
| Ascochyta blight | Y | |||
| Crop competition strategies for weed management | Y | |||
| Blackleg | Y | |||
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