Researcher(s) |
Nick Poole (FAR Australia) Michael Straight (FAR Australia) Tracey Wylie (FAR Australia) |
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Year(s) | 2016 |
Contributor | Riverine Plains |
Trial location(s) |
Corowa, NSW
Henty, NSW Dookie, VIC Yarrawonga, VIC |
The project seeks to:
• There were significant increases in dry matter (DM) accumulation, nitrogen (N) uptake and crop canopy greenness where barley was established following cultivation with one pass of the multidisc, which was most evident where additional nitrogen was added at sowing.
• Although there was a trend for cultivated stubble with additional sowing nitrogen to yield more than burning, there were no significant yield differences in the trial.
• Growing a faba bean crop instead of a second wheat crop increased the yield of the following wheat by 0.34–0.47t/ha in 2016 compared with a 2t/ha advantage in the following wheat crop in 2015.
• Adequate nitrogen availability in the third wheat crop, combined with higher yield potential, and poor nodulation in the faba beans, appears to be partly the reason for the smaller yield benefit in 2016.
• Across three years of field trials, none of the different stubble management treatments have been superior to the no-till stubble retention (NTSR) control, despite differences in DM production.
Lead research organisation |
Riverine Plains |
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Host research organisation |
Riverine Plains |
Trial funding source | GRDC RPI00009 |
Related program |
Maintaining profitable farming systems with retained stubble |
Acknowledgments |
Thanks to the farmer co-operators at each of these sites: |
Other trial partners | FAR Australia |
Crop types | Cereal (Grain): Barley Oilseed: Canola Cereal (Grain): Wheat |
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Treatment type(s) |
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Trial type | Experimental |
Trial design | Blocked |
Sowing machinery | Not specified |
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Sow date | 4 May 2016 |
Harvest date | 9 December 2016 |
Plot size | 40m x 15m |
Plot replication | 4 |
Psuedoreplication | Not specified |
Herbicide |
host farmer paddock management |
Insecticide |
host farmer paddock management |
Fungicide |
host farmer paddock management |
Sowing machinery |
John Deere 1590 Disc seeder |
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Sow date | 10 April 2016 |
Harvest date | 6 December 2016 |
Plot size | 40m x 15m |
Plot replication | 4 |
Psuedoreplication | Not specified |
Herbicide |
host farmer paddock management |
Insecticide |
host farmer paddock management |
Fungicide |
host farmer paddock management |
Sowing machinery |
Simplicity seeder/knife point |
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Sow date | 12 May 2016 |
Harvest date | 13 December 2016 |
Plot size | 40m x 18m |
Plot replication | 4 |
Psuedoreplication | Not specified |
Herbicide |
host farmer paddock management |
Insecticide |
host farmer paddock management |
Fungicide |
host farmer paddock management |
Sowing machinery |
Aus seeder DBS tine knife point |
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Sow date | 28 April 2016 |
Harvest date | 12 December 2016 |
Plot size | 40m x 18m |
Plot replication | 4 |
Psuedoreplication | Not specified |
Herbicide |
host farmer paddock management |
Insecticide |
host farmer paddock management |
Fungicide |
host farmer paddock management |
@T1: GS31 | @T2: GS39 | @T3: GS69 | @T4: GS95-99 | ||||||||||||||
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# |
Treatment 1
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Screenings (%) | 1000 grain weight (g) | Establishment plants (plants/m2) | Hectolitre weight (kg/hL) | Grain yield (t/ha) | Head abundance (heads/m2) | Cereal tillers (tillers/m2) | Protein (%) | Dry matter (t/ha) | Nitrogen uptake (kg N/ha) | Dry matter (t/ha) | Nitrogen uptake (kg N/ha) | Dry matter (t/ha) | Nitrogen uptake (kg N/ha) | Dry matter (t/ha) | Nitrogen uptake (kg N/ha) |
1 | █ NTSR | 4.2 | 38 | 97 | 63.9 | 5.24 | 406 | 483 | 9.5 | 1.17 | 55 | 2.97 | 64 | 7.3 | 102 | 9.37 | 51 |
1 | █ Cultivated (one pass) | 4.3 | 35.4 | 108 | 59.8 | 4.82 | 429 | 568 | 8.5 | 1.49 | 69 | 3.4 | 64 | 8.92 | 132 | 9.27 | 51 |
1 | █ Cultivated (one pass) + 40 kg N/ha | 4.6 | 37.9 | 107 | 61.9 | 5.54 | 440 | 497 | 9.7 | 1.56 | 62 | 3.37 | 85 | 8.44 | 122 | 9.22 | 58 |
1 | █ Burnt | 4.5 | 37 | 103 | 63.7 | 4.81 | 387 | 406 | 9.5 | 1.06 | 42 | 2.89 | 77 | 8.42 | 118 | 8.41 | 46 |
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# | Protein (%) | Grain yield (t/ha) | Establishment plants (plants/m2) | Head abundance (heads/m2) | Cereal tillers (tillers/m2) | Screenings (%) | 1000 grain weight (g) | Harvest index (value) | Hectolitre weight (kg/hL) | Dry matter (t/ha) | Nitrogen uptake (kg N/ha) | Dry matter (t/ha) | Nitrogen uptake (kg N/ha) | Dry matter (t/ha) | Nitrogen uptake (kg N/ha) | Dry matter (t/ha) | Nitrogen uptake (kg N/ha) | |
1 | █ NTSR - long stubble | 8.5 | 5.86 | 151 | 266 | 248 | 2.9 | 46.6 | 50.3 | 79.9 | 1.57 | 49 | 5.13 | 72 | 8.82 | 79 | 11.83 | 93 |
1 | █ NTSR - long stubble + 40kg N/ha | 9.7 | 6.19 | 153 | 225 | 271 | 2.5 | 47.3 | 57.1 | 80.1 | 1.53 | 51 | 5.74 | 75 | 9.65 | 87 | 10.85 | 95 |
1 | █ NTSR - Short stubble | 8.9 | 5.81 | 140 | 304 | 334 | 2.1 | 48.7 | 49.3 | 79.9 | 1.91 | 54 | 5.45 | 63 | 10.57 | 72 | 11.89 | 98 |
1 | █ Straw Removed | 8.6 | 5.6 | 159 | 300 | 371 | 2.5 | 49 | 48.3 | 79.8 | 2.1 | 55 | 6.72 | 84 | 10.55 | 105 | 11.68 | 105 |
1 | █ Cultivate - one pass | 9.1 | 5.9 | 146 | 304 | 335 | 2.2 | 49.3 | 49.7 | 80.4 | 2.02 | 61 | 5.63 | 66 | 11.1 | 105 | 11.94 | 124 |
2 | █ Cultivate - one pass + 40 kgN/ha | 10 | 6.69 | 152 | 327 | 354 | 2.5 | 49.9 | 52 | 80.4 | 2.12 | 65 | 6.49 | 86 | 12.31 | 101 | 12.93 | 122 |
2 | █ Burnt | 8.9 | 6.12 | 158 | 325 | 373 | 2.2 | 50 | 42.8 | 80.3 | 2.13 | 60 | 6.69 | 71 | 12.22 | 108 | 14.41 | 100 |
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# | Screenings (%) | 1000 grain weight (g) | Establishment plants (plants/m2) | Hectolitre weight (kg/hL) | Grain yield (t/ha) | Head abundance (heads/m2) | Cereal tillers (tillers/m2) | Protein (%) | Dry matter (t/ha) | Nitrogen uptake (kg N/ha) | Dry matter (t/ha) | Nitrogen uptake (kg N/ha) | Dry matter (t/ha) | Nitrogen uptake (kg N/ha) | Dry matter (t/ha) | Nitrogen uptake (kg N/ha) | |
1 | █ NTSR - long stubble | 0.7 | 53.9 | 135 | 76.5 | 5.8 | 356 | 296 | 10.7 | 0.76 | 32 | 6.6 | 139 | 10.3 | 116 | 14.1 | 71 |
1 | █ NTSR - Short stubble | 0.6 | 54.4 | 133 | 79.4 | 5.37 | 383 | 389 | 10.7 | 1.12 | 49 | 7.3 | 138 | 11.2 | 142 | 14 | 80 |
1 | █ Culitvated (one pass) | 0.7 | 53.2 | 136 | 79.4 | 5.6 | 391 | 363 | 11.3 | 1.04 | 45 | 6.6 | 116 | 11.1 | 106 | 12.5 | 73 |
1 | █ Straw Removed | 0.7 | 52.5 | 141 | 80.5 | 6 | 343 | 378 | 10.5 | 1.1 | 52 | 6.6 | 124 | 10.5 | 124 | 12.9 | 52 |
1 | █ Burnt | 0.6 | 52.8 | 152 | 79.7 | 6.23 | 378 | 445 | 11.1 | 1.17 | 50 | 7.1 | 149 | 11.5 | 112 | 12.6 | 79 |
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# | Establishment plants (plants/m2) | Weeds (plants/m2) | Grain yield (t/ha) | Nitrogen uptake (kg N/ha) | Dry matter (t/ha) | Dry matter (t/ha) | Nitrogen uptake (kg N/ha) | Dry matter (t/ha) | Nitrogen uptake (kg N/ha) | Dry matter (t/ha) | Nitrogen uptake (kg N/ha) | |
1 | █ NTSR (Control) | 31 | 0.4 | 2.4 | 86 | 1.64 | 3.7 | 117 | 6.9 | 141 | 9.76 | 151 |
1 | █ NTSR + 40 kg N/ha | 35 | 0.6 | 2.26 | 112 | 2.15 | 4.51 | 130 | 6.09 | 114 | 7.98 | 153 |
1 | █ Mulched | 31 | 0.4 | 2.48 | 96 | 1.69 | 3.91 | 94 | 7.58 | 161 | 8.31 | 91 |
1 | █ Mulched + 40kg N/ha | 25 | 0.4 | 2.53 | 82 | 1.58 | 4.19 | 167 | 9.11 | 227 | 9.59 | 130 |
1 | █ Cultivate (one pass) | 34 | 0 | 2.8 | 111 | 1.84 | 5.17 | 132 | 6.64 | 132 | 8.33 | 98 |
2 | █ Cultivate (one pass) + 40kg/ha | 28 | 1 | 2.72 | 94 | 1.75 | 5.12 | 201 | 7.49 | 164 | 8.87 | 165 |
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Rainfall trial gsr (mm) | 567mm |
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Rainfall trial gsr (mm) | 619mm |
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Rainfall trial gsr (mm) | 509mm |
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Rainfall trial gsr (mm) | 604mm |
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SILO weather estimates sourced from https://www.longpaddock.qld.gov.au/silo/
Jeffrey, S.J., Carter, J.O., Moodie, K.B. and Beswick, A.R. (2001). Using spatial interpolation to construct a comprehensive archive of Australian climate data , Environmental Modelling and Software, Vol 16/4, pp 309-330. DOI: 10.1016/S1364-8152(01)00008-1.