To investigate the threshold temperatures to kill weed seeds, and the temperatures achieved when burning crop residues in various formats to faciliate weed seed control of problematic weeds in low rainfall cropping systems. 

• Cereal windrow burning achieved temperatures in excess of those required to achieve high levels of weed seed mortality, except in paddocks which had 11mm of rainfall the week before.'
• The open paddock burn with a high stubble load had a quicker, faster burn but still achieved the necessary temperatures of 450 degrees Celsius for longer than 60 seconds.