Samples were collected post-harvest each season, with both soil and chaff samples taken to be assessed in weed seed trays during the following growing season. In-crop paddock monitoring for grass weed populations was undertaken and grass weeds were assessed at 10 GPS points along transects for weed density with six counts taken at each sample point.

Assessing weed seed capture and burning in narrow windrows

Soil samples for weed seed banks were collected in February 2017 along a transect across the paddocks comprising of 10 GPS-located sampling points. The core soil sampling method was described by Kleemann et al. (2014). Prior to narrow windrows being burnt, a 5 m section of chaff was removed (non-burnt area) within each paddock (see EPFS Summary 2015, p150-151 for further details) and weed seeds in soil or chaff were germinated in 2017. Germinating trays, 35