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Researcher(s) |
Warren Bartlett Rohan Brill Felicity Harris Danielle Malcolm Hayden Petty |
---|---|
Year(s) | 2017 |
Contributor | Department of Primary Industries NSW |
Trial location(s) |
Wallacetown, NSW
|
Further information | View external link |
To assess the influence of sowing date and species phenology on yield dynamics of barley, oats and wheat in frost conditions
• Although time of heading and flowering are considered the most sensitive stages for frost damage in cereals, sensitivity to early frost damage occurs from the start of stem elongation and is referred to as ‘stem frost’.
• Stem frost can be minimised by matching sowing date and cultivar phenology so that stem elongation starts after the period of greatest frost risk.
• Varieties that started stem elongation early (fast developing varieties sown early) were exposed to an increased number of frosts during the susceptible development stages, whilst winter types sown early had an extended vegetative period and were not exposed to the same frost risk, which reduced damage from stem frost.
• Crops can recover from stem frost where there is moisture available to support new tiller growth. However, the resulting effect on phasic development stage synchrony leads to delayed maturity and harvest issues.
• There was no observed difference in frost tolerance of specific cereal species observed in 2017.
The 2017 season involved high frost incidence and severity, demonstrating the extent to which frost events can limit yield potential. Despite these seasonal conditions, the outcomes of the experiment emphasised that frost effects can be mitigated through matching phenology and sowing time, allowing the crop to reach sensitive stem elongation, heading and flowering stages post frost-risk period. Winter varieties performed well in this experiment having the most stable yields due to their longer vegetative phase. Faster developing wheats such as ScepterA and CutlassA showed flexibility in the sowing dates in 2017 as the late rainfall allowed regrowth to mature after stem frost in the earlier sowings. This was the first year of an ongoing experiment, hence, further research in 2018 will improve our understanding of how frost interacts with different cereal species.
Lead research organisation |
Department of Primary Industries NSW |
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Host research organisation | N/A |
Trial funding source | GRDC DAN00215 |
Trial funding source | DPI NSW |
Related program |
Advancing Profitable Farming Systems |
Acknowledgments |
This experiment was part of the project ‘Advancing profitable farming systems – frost risk management’, DAN00215, 2017–19, with joint investment by NSW DPI, DAFWA and GRDC. A sincere thankyou to the Gollasch Family at Wallacetown for their cooperation and support with the experiment. Thank you to Hugh Kanaley, Jess Simpson, John Bromfield, Greg McMahon, Cameron Copeland and Tom Quinn for technical assistance. Also, many thanks to Ben Biddulph (DPIRD) and Karyn Reeves (Curtin University, Statistics for the Australian Grains Industry, West) for project and statistical advice. |
Other trial partners | Not specified |
Crop types | Cereal (Grain): Barley Forage: Oats Cereal (Grain): Wheat |
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Treatment type(s) |
|
Trial type | Experimental |
Trial design | Replicated |
Sow rate or Target density | 150 plants/m2 |
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Sowing machinery |
Direct drilled with DBS tynes, 250 mm row spacings Target plant density: 150 plants/m2 |
Sow date | Multiple - please see report |
Harvest date | Unknown |
Plot size | Not specified |
Plot replication | Not specified |
Fertiliser |
98 kg/ha mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP) (11% nitrogen (N), 22.7% phosphorus (P), 2% sulfur (S)) at sowing 90 L/ha urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) (42.5 % nitrogen) (2 July) |
Herbicide |
Pre-emergent: Dual Gold® at 350 mL/ha, Diuron® at 350 g/ha Post-emergent: Lontrel™ at 60 g/ha, Precept® at 1.5 L/ha |
Pesticide |
In-crop: Prosaro® at 300 mL/ha (19 June) Mascot® Duo at 240 mL/ha (2 November) |
Seed treatment | Hombre® Ultra at 2 mL/kg and Gaucho® at 1.2 mL/kg |
Other trial notes |
This research paper is an extract from the publication Southern NSW Research Results 2018, available at |
Sow rate or Target density | Not specified |
---|---|
Sowing machinery | Not specified |
Sow date | Not specified |
Harvest date | Not specified |
Plot size | Not specified |
Plot replication | Not specified |
Fertiliser | Not specified |
Herbicide | Not specified |
Pesticide | Not specified |
Seed treatment | Not specified |
Other trial notes |
This research paper is an extract from the publication Southern NSW Research Results 2018, available at |
Sow rate or Target density | Not specified |
---|---|
Sowing machinery | Not specified |
Sow date | Not specified |
Harvest date | Not specified |
Plot size | Not specified |
Plot replication | Not specified |
Fertiliser | Not specified |
Herbicide | Not specified |
Pesticide | Not specified |
Seed treatment | Not specified |
Other trial notes |
This research paper is an extract from the publication Southern NSW Research Results 2018, available at |
# |
Treatment 1
|
Treatment 2
|
Grain yield (t/ha) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | █ Wheat | █ Emu Rock | 2.84 |
2 | █ Wheat | █ Scepter | 4.01 |
3 | █ Wheat | █ Cutlass | 4.12 |
4 | █ Wheat | █ LongReach Trojan | 3.74 |
5 | █ Wheat | █ EGA Eaglehawk | 3.76 |
6 | █ Wheat | █ LongReach Kittyhawk | 4.26 |
7 | █ Barley | █ La Trobe | 2.09 |
8 | █ Barley | █ Commander | 3.33 |
9 | █ Barley | █ Urambie | 4.24 |
10 | █ Oats | █ Bannister | 3.22 |
11 | █ Oats | █ Durack | 2.8 |
12 | █ Oats | █ Mitika | 2.35 |
# |
Treatment 1
|
Treatment 2
|
Grain yield (t/ha) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | █ Wheat | █ Emu Rock | 2.83 |
2 | █ Wheat | █ Scepter | 4.31 |
3 | █ Wheat | █ Cutlass | 3.76 |
4 | █ Wheat | █ LongReach Trojan | 3.83 |
5 | █ Wheat | █ EGA Eaglehawk | 3.63 |
6 | █ Wheat | █ LongReach Kittyhawk | 3.96 |
7 | █ Barley | █ La Trobe | 2.49 |
8 | █ Barley | █ Commander | 3.66 |
9 | █ Barley | █ Urambie | 4.9 |
10 | █ Oats | █ Bannister | 2.71 |
11 | █ Oats | █ Durack | 1.92 |
12 | █ Oats | █ Mitika | 2.15 |
# |
Treatment 1
|
Treatment 2
|
Grain yield (t/ha) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | █ Wheat | █ Emu Rock | 3.43 |
2 | █ Wheat | █ Scepter | 4.36 |
3 | █ Wheat | █ Cutlass | 4.67 |
4 | █ Wheat | █ LongReach Trojan | 4.6 |
5 | █ Wheat | █ EGA Eaglehawk | 3.77 |
6 | █ Wheat | █ LongReach Kittyhawk | 4.38 |
7 | █ Barley | █ La Trobe | 3.88 |
8 | █ Barley | █ Commander | 4.55 |
9 | █ Barley | █ Urambie | 5.16 |
10 | █ Oats | █ Bannister | 3.5 |
11 | █ Oats | █ Durack | 2.86 |
12 | █ Oats | █ Mitika | 2.79 |
# |
Treatment 1
|
Treatment 2
|
Grain yield (t/ha) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | █ Wheat | █ Emu Rock | 3.99 |
2 | █ Wheat | █ Scepter | 5.36 |
3 | █ Wheat | █ Cutlass | 4.9 |
4 | █ Wheat | █ LongReach Trojan | 4.43 |
5 | █ Wheat | █ EGA Eaglehawk | 3.56 |
6 | █ Wheat | █ LongReach Kittyhawk | 4.07 |
7 | █ Barley | █ La Trobe | 5 |
8 | █ Barley | █ Commander | 5.04 |
9 | █ Barley | █ Urambie | 5.12 |
10 | █ Oats | █ Bannister | 3.27 |
11 | █ Oats | █ Durack | 2.53 |
12 | █ Oats | █ Mitika | 2.92 |
Rainfall avg gsr (mm) | 321mm |
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Rainfall trial gsr (mm) | 199mm |
SILO weather estimates sourced from https://www.longpaddock.qld.gov.au/silo/
Jeffrey, S.J., Carter, J.O., Moodie, K.B. and Beswick, A.R. (2001). Using spatial interpolation to construct a comprehensive archive of Australian climate data , Environmental Modelling and Software, Vol 16/4, pp 309-330. DOI: 10.1016/S1364-8152(01)00008-1.