The aim of this trial is to evaluate and analyse the effect of deep ripping with inclusion plates on moving surface-applied lime into acidic sub-soil of deep sandy duplex. Additionally, this trial tested farm-sourced lime against commercial grade lime. 

• In 2019 ameliorating subsoil compaction and improving subsoil acidity improved barley yields by >1t/ha. 
• Subsoil pH changes were observed in the first year of the trial where inclusion plates were used. 
• Subsoil pH did not change where surface lime was applied, but inclusion plates were not used to invert the application. 
• On-Farm sourced lime performed to equally to commercial lime when adjusted to neutralising value percentage (NV%). 
• In 2020 all treatments yielded significantly better than the UTC. including ripping alone where no lime was applied. highlighting the benefits of amelioration of subsoil compaction. 
• There was no benefit resulting from commercial lime compared to farm-sourced lime when adjusted to achieve the same neutralising value, however much higher rates of farm sourced lime was needed to achieve this value.