NGN Safflower Agronomy and Extension: WA

2022

Research organisaton
Funding source

Trial details

Researcher(s) Spencer Beatty
Rob Hughes
Mike Lamond
Luke Marquis
Byron Milne
Chloe Paterson
Jack Sawyer
Grant Thompson
Contact email grant@cropcircleconsulting.com.au
Contact phone 0427652521
Year(s) 2022
Contributor Crop Circle Consulting Pty Ltd
Trial location(s) Grass Patch, WA
Hines Hill, WA
Kalannie, WA
Kalannie, WA
Moonyoonooka, WA
Scaddan, WA
Tammin, WA
Tenindewa, WA
York, WA
NGN Safflower Agronomy and Extension: WA locations
Aims

To investigate the nutritional requirements and the impact of sowing dates for SHO safflower in different regions and soil types across Western Australia.

Key messages
  • Current Safflower varieties may be far too susceptible to disease in high rainfall seasons/environments - further research into disease management may be required.
  • If Safflower comes under environmental stress, Green Peach Aphids can readily infest the crop, particularly around the flower head. This infestation can coincide/accerlate disease infection.

Nutrition

  • In the Kwinana Port Zone, there was a response to 20 units of nitrogen applied at seeding when compared to the untreated. As the rates increased from 20 to 40 to 60 units/ha of nitrogen there was no further increase in yield. The split application of nitrogen (40 units/ha at seeding and 20 units/ha foliar) had an increase in yield.
  • Safflower in the Esperance Port Zone did not appear to respond to various rates of Nitrogen or Phosphorus with no significant difference in final yield between treatments, howecer in the Geraldton and Kwinana Port Zones there were significant rate responses to N and P.
  • Although there was a slight rate response to increasing rates of nitrogen, it was not until the split application (40 units/ha banded N at seeding plus 20 units/ha foliar N) that there was a clear increase in Nitrogen content and yield.

DOS x TOS

  • Safflower appears to be sensitive to depth of sowing with shallower sowing being the safest option, with plant numbers reduced when sowing deeper into the profile. 
  • The earlier sown plots, when sowing at 2-3cm seeding depth, had the highest emergence rate, most uniform establishment, most early biomass accumulation, fastest canopy closure, and highest yields.
  • There looks to be a cut-off date in the Central Wheatbelt for sowing at 40mm to 500 depth, likely due to decreasing temperatures as the season progresses.
Lead research organisation Crop Circle Consulting Pty Ltd
Host research organisation N/A
Trial funding source GRDC PROC-9176605
Related program N/A
Acknowledgments N/A
Other trial partners SLR Agriculture, South East Agronomy & Research
Download the trial report to view additional trial information

Method

Crop type Oilseed: Safflower
Treatment type(s)
  • Sowing: Timing
Trial type
Trial design

Grass Patch 2022

Sow rate or Target density 20kg/ha
Sow rate or Target density 20kg/ha
Sowing machinery

550lb Flexicoil Spring tyne/dual shoot Maxi point equipped small plot seeder

Sow date 24 May 2022
Harvest date 2 February 2023
Plot size 1.8m x 10m
Plot replication 3
Psuedoreplication Not specified

Hines Hill 2022

Sow rate or Target density 20kg/ha
Sow rate or Target density 20kg/ha
Sowing machinery

Precision trial cone seeder fitted with knife points and trailing press wheels. 7 tynes (Groundhog) parallelogram.

Sow date 29 April 2022
Harvest date 21 December 2022
Plot size 2.3m x 12m
Plot replication 4
Psuedoreplication Not specified

Kalannie 2022

Sow rate or Target density 20kg/ha
Sow rate or Target density 20kg/ha
Sowing machinery

Precision trial cone seeder fitted with knife points and trailing press wheels. 7 tynes (Groundhog) parallelogram.

Sow date 19 May 2022
Harvest date 19 December 2022
Plot size 2.5m x 12m
Plot replication 3
Psuedoreplication Not specified

Kalannie 2022

Sow rate or Target density 20kg/ha
Sow rate or Target density 20kg/ha
Sowing machinery

Precision trial cone seeder fitted with knife points and trailing press wheels. 7 tynes (Groundhog) parallelogram.

Sow date 23 April 2022
Harvest date 19 December 2022
Plot size 2.3m x 12m
Plot replication 4
Psuedoreplication Not specified

Moonyoonooka 2022

Sow rate or Target density 20kg/ha
Sow rate or Target density 20kg/ha
Sowing machinery

Knife point and press wheel small plot seeder

Sow date 21 May 2022
Harvest date 14 December 2022
Plot size 3m x 12m
Plot replication 4
Psuedoreplication Not specified

Scaddan 2022

Sow rate or Target density 20kg/ha
Sow rate or Target density 20kg/ha
Sowing machinery

550lb Flexicoil spring tyne/dual shoot Maxi point equipped small plot seeder

Sow date 24 May 2022
Harvest date 2 February 2023
Plot size 1.8m x 10m
Plot replication 3
Psuedoreplication Not specified

Tammin 2022

Sow rate or Target density 20kg/ha
Sow rate or Target density 20kg/ha
Sowing machinery

Precision trial cone seeder fitted with knife points and trailing press wheels. 7 tynes (Groundhog) parallelogram.

Sow date 22 April 2022
Harvest date 21 December 2022
Plot size 2.3m x 12m
Plot replication 4
Psuedoreplication Not specified

Tenindewa 2022

Sow rate or Target density 20kg/ha
Sow rate or Target density 20kg/ha
Sowing machinery

Knife point and press wheel small plot seeder

Sow date 21 May 2022
Harvest date 15 December 2022
Plot size 3m x 36m
Plot replication 3
Psuedoreplication Not specified

York 2022

Sow rate or Target density 20kg/ha
Sow rate or Target density 20kg/ha
Sowing machinery

Precision trial cone seeder fitted with knife points and trailing press wheels. 7 tynes (Groundhog) parallelogram.

Sow date 17 May 2022
Harvest date 28 December 2022
Plot size 2.5m x 12m
Plot replication 3
Psuedoreplication Not specified
Download the trial report to view additional method/treatment information

Download results

Trial results Tenindewa Nutrition

# Treatment 1
Nitrogen (%) Stem Elongation (Date) Maturity (maturity) Branching (Date) Grain yield (t/ha)
1 Untreated Control 4.073 25/07/2022 16/12/2022 20/09/2022 0.58
2 MAPte 18kg/ha + SOP TD 56kg/ha + UAN BANDED 138L/ha + EFN Zn 300mL/ha 5.82 14/07/2022 9/12/2022 1/09/2022 1.02
3 MAPte 35kg/ha + SOP TD 56kg/ha + UAN BANDED 134L/ha + EFN Zn 300mL/ha 5.813 14/07/2022 9/12/2022 1/09/2022 1.09
4 MAPte 53kg/ha + SOP TD 56kg/ha + UAN BANDED 130L/ha + EFN Zn 300mL/ha 5.873 14/07/2022 9/12/2022 1/09/2022 1.04
5 MAPte 70kg/ha + SOP TD 56kg/ha + UAN BANDED 125L/ha + EFN Zn 300mL/ha 5.967 14/07/2022 9/12/2022 1/09/2022 1.05
6 MAPte 70kg/ha + SOP TD 56kg/ha + EFN Zn 300mL/ha 4.827 14/07/2022 9/12/2022 8/09/2022 0.8
7 MAPte 53kg/ha + SOP TD 56kg/ha + UAN BANDED 34L/ha + EFN Zn 300mL/ha 5.26 14/07/2022 9/12/2022 1/09/2022 1.05
8 MAPte 53kg/ha + SOP TD 56kg/ha + UAN BANDED 81L/ha + EFN Zn 300mL/ha 5.503 14/07/2022 9/12/2022 1/09/2022 1.05
9 MAPte 53kg/ha + SOP TD 56kg/ha + UAN BANDED 81L/ha + EFN Zn 300mL/ha fb BULK N 48L/ha 6.117 14/07/2022 9/12/2022 5/09/2022 1.01
10 MAPte 53kg/ha + SOP TD 56kg/ha + UAN BANDED 81L/ha + EFN Zn 300mL/ha fb BULK N 95L/ha 5.707 14/07/2022 9/12/2022 1/09/2022 0.88
11 MAPte 53kg/ha + SOP TD 56kg/ha + UAN BANDED 81L/ha fb BULK N 95L/ha 5.637 14/07/2022 9/12/2022 1/09/2022 0.9

Grain yield t/ha


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Nitrogen %


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Trial results Moonyoonooka DOS x TOS

# Treatment 1
Grain yield (t/ha) Crop Establishment (m) 50 percent flowering day of year (2) End Flowering date (Date) Crop vigour (1-9)
1 Early-Mid May @ 2-3cm 1.17 7.5 30/10/2022 28/11/2022 7
2 Early-Mid May @ 5-7cm 1.31 3.1 1/11/2022 29/11/2022 4.8
3 Early-Mid May @ 10-12cm 1.06 1.3 2/11/2022 29/11/2022 3.3
4 Late May-Early June @ 2-3cm 0.87 8 8/11/2022 2/12/2022 6.8
5 Late May-Early June @ 5-7cm 0.73 3.2 6/11/2022 2/12/2022 4.3
6 Late May-Early June @ 10-12cm 0.98 0.6 5/11/2022 1/12/2022 1.8

Grain yield t/ha


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Crop Establishment m


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Crop vigour 1-9


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Trial results York Nutrition

# Treatment 1
Grain yield (kg/ha) Branches (Number) Emergence plants (plants/m2)
1 Untreated Control 185.2 4.15 24.67
2 MAP 18kg/ha + Urea 126kg/ha + EFN Zn 4L/ton 175.2 4.05 19.83
3 MAP 36kg/ha + Urea 121kg/ha + EFN Zn 4L/ton 205.87 4.45 24.92
4 MAP 54kg/ha + Urea 117kg/ha + EFN Zn 4L/ton 247.8 4.65 21.83
5 MAP 72kg/ha + Urea 113kg/ha + EFN Zn 4L/ton 309.6 4.5 27.33
6 MAP 72kg/ha + EFN Zn 4L/ton 149.4 4.5 25.17
7 MAP 54kg/ha + Urea 26kg/ha + EFN Zn 4L/ton 165.6 4.15 26.58
8 MAP 54kg/ha + Urea 69kg/ha + EFN Zn 4L/ton 241 4.8 28.42
9 MAP 54kg/ha + Urea 113kg/ha + EFN Zn 4L/ton 187.6 4.95 26.58
10 MAP 54kg/ha + Urea 156kg/ha + EFN Zn 4L/ton fb Urea 43kg/ha 283.47 4.6 24.08
11 MAP 54 kg/ha fb Urea 156kg/ha 134.8 4.6 27.58

Branches Number


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Emergence plants plants/m2


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Grain yield kg/ha


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Trial results Kalannie Nutrition

@T1: @T2:
# Treatment 1
Crop Establishment (plants/m2) Grain yield (t/ha) Biomass rating (%) Biomass rating (%)
1 Untreated Control 26.33 0.99 18.25 42.5
1 MAP 18kg/ha, Urea 126kg/ha, EFN Zn 4L/ton 23 1.16 21.5 62.5
1 MAP 36kg/ha, Urea 121kg/ha, EFN Zn 4L/ton 25.33 1.15 24.75 65
2 MAP 54kg/ha, Urea 117kg/ha, EFN Zn 4L/ton 27.67 1.2 34.75 70
2 MAP 72kg/ha, Urea 113kg/ha, EFN Zn 4L/ton 24 1.23 30.75 77.5
2 MAP 72kg/ha, EFN Zn 4L/ton 28.67 0.93 24.5 50
3 MAP 54kg/ha, Urea 26kg/ha, EFN Zn 4L/ton 26.67 1.2 33 70
3 MAP 54kg/ha, Urea 69kg/ha, EFN Zn 4L/ton 29.33 1.17 33.25 77.5
3 MAP 54kg/ha, Urea 117kg/ha, EFN Zn 4L/ton 27 1.21 36.26 87.5
4 MAP 54kg/ha, Urea 156kg/ha, EFN Zn 4L/ton + Urea (post) 43kg/ha 26 1.27 33.75 82.5
4 MAP 54 kg/ha + Urea (post) 156kg/ha 29.33 1.03 25.75 90
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Grain yield t/ha


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Biomass rating %


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Crop Establishment plants/m2


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Trial results Hines Hill DOS x TOS

# Treatment 1
Treatment 2
Crop Establishment (plants/m2)
1 Shallow TOS 1 37
2 Shallow TOS 2 41
3 Shallow TOS 3 35
4 Deep TOS 1 8
5 Deep TOS 2 18
6 Deep TOS 3 17

Crop Establishment plants/m2


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Trial results Tammin DOS x TOS

# Treatment 1
Treatment 2
Grain yield (kg/ha) Crop Establishment (plants/m2)
1 Shallow TOS 1 28.67
2 Shallow TOS 2 421.07 28.67
3 Shallow TOS 3 231.2 18
4 Deep TOS 1 361.33 11.33
5 Deep TOS 2 100.53 15.33
6 Deep TOS 3 6.67

Crop Establishment plants/m2


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Grain yield kg/ha


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Trial results Kalannie DOS x TOS

# Treatment 1
Treatment 2
Crop Establishment (plants/m2) Grain yield (t/ha)
1 Shallow TOS 1 24.25 1.71
2 Shallow TOS 2 35 1.33
3 Shallow TOS 3 27 1.39
4 Deep TOS 1 14 1.4
5 Deep TOS 2 23.67 1.15
6 Deep TOS 3 19.33 0.88

Grain yield t/ha


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Crop Establishment plants/m2


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Trial results Grass Patch DOS x TOS

# Treatment 1
Treatment 2
Crop vigour (%) Emergence plants (plants/m2)
1 Shallow (2-3cm) TOS 1 70 40.2
2 Shallow (2-3cm) TOS 2 60 22
3 Medium (5-7cm) TOS 1 72.5 32.2
4 Medium (5-7cm) TOS 2 52.5 28
5 Deep (10-12cm) TOS 1 45 18.6
6 Deep (10-12cm) TOS 2 43.75 17

Crop vigour %


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Emergence plants plants/m2


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Trial results Scaddan Nutrition TOS 1

# Treatment 1
Grain yield (kg/ha) Crop vigour (%) Emergence plants (plants/m2)
1 Untreated Control 847.6 100 27.4
2 MAP 18kg/ha + SOA 40kg/ha + Urea 130kg/ha + EFN Zn 300mL/ha 707 100 25.2
3 MAP 36kg/ha + SOA 40kg/ha + Urea 130kg/ha + EFN Zn 300mL/ha 610.9 100 25
4 MAP 53kg/ha + SOA 40kg/ha + Urea 130kg/ha + EFN Zn 300mL/ha 518.9 100 26.6
5 MAP 71kg/ha + SOA 40kg/ha + Urea 130kg/ha + EFN Zn 300mL/ha 625 100 27.6
6 MAP 71kg/ha + SOA 40kg/ha + Urea 65kg/ha + EFN Zn 300mL/ha 657.7 100 26.4
7 MAP 71kg/ha + SOA 40kg/ha + Urea 65kg/ha + EFN Zn 300mL/ha 526.7 92.5 26.4
8 MAP 71kg/ha + SOA 40kg/ha + Urea 195kg/ha + EFN Zn 300mL/ha fb UAN 70L/ha 653.8 100 27.2
9 MAP 71kg/ha + SOA 40kg/ha + Urea 260kg/ha + EFN Zn 300mL/ha fb UAN 140L/ha 620.6 100 26
10 MAP 71kg/ha + SOA 40kg/ha + Urea 195kg/ha fb UAN 70L/ha 756.3 100 22.4

Crop vigour %


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Emergence plants plants/m2


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Grain yield kg/ha


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Trial results Scaddan Nutrition TOS 2

# Treatment 1
Grain yield (kg/ha) Crop vigour (%) Emergence plants (plants/m2)
1 Untreated Control 834.3 100 24.2
2 MAP 18kg/ha + SOA 40kg/ha + Urea 130kg/ha + EFN Zn 300mL/ha 815.3 100 22.6
3 MAP 36kg/ha + SOA 40kg/ha + Urea 130kg/ha + EFN Zn 300mL/ha 848 100 23.2
4 MAP 53kg/ha + SOA 40kg/ha + Urea 130kg/ha + EFN Zn 300mL/ha 769.7 100 24.6
5 MAP 71kg/ha + SOA 40kg/ha + Urea 130kg/ha + EFN Zn 300mL/ha 864.7 100 27.2
6 MAP 71kg/ha + SOA 40kg/ha + Urea 65kg/ha + EFN Zn 300mL/ha 833.3 100 23.8
7 MAP 71kg/ha + SOA 40kg/ha + Urea 65kg/ha + EFN Zn 300mL/ha 647.3 92.5 21.6
8 MAP 71kg/ha + SOA 40kg/ha + Urea 195kg/ha + EFN Zn 300mL/ha fb UAN 70L/ha 839 100 25.8
9 MAP 71kg/ha + SOA 40kg/ha + Urea 260kg/ha + EFN Zn 300mL/ha fb UAN 140L/ha 903.7 100 22.8
10 MAP 71kg/ha + SOA 40kg/ha + Urea 195kg/ha fb UAN 70L/ha 865.3 100 17.6

Crop vigour %


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Emergence plants plants/m2


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Grain yield kg/ha


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Observed trial site soil information
Trial site soil testing
Site Depth Type pH EC P K N A OC CAT
Tenindewa, WA 0 - 10cm 6.20 0.07 24.00 157.00 2.00 0.79
Moonyoonooka, WA 0 - 10cm 6.40 0.12 28.00 102.00 25.00 0.85
Scaddan, WA 0 - 10cm 7.80 0.12 18.00 436.00 1.10
Tammin, WA 0 - 10cm 4.70 52.00 305.00 26.00 3.00 0.60
Kalannie, WA 0 - 50cm 5.80 8.00 188.00 1.00 2.00 0.36
Kalannie, WA 0 - 50cm 5.80 8.00 188.00 1.00 2.00 0.36
Kalannie, WA 50 - 100cm 8.20 0.00 436.00 0.00 0.00 0.16
Kalannie, WA 50 - 100cm 8.20 0.00 436.00 0.00 0.00 0.16
Kalannie, WA 90 - 150cm 8.30 2.00 512.00 0.00 0.00 0.12
Kalannie, WA 90 - 150cm 8.30 2.00 512.00 0.00 0.00 0.12
Soil conditions
Trial site Soil texture
Grass Patch, WA Not specified
Hines Hill, WA Not specified
Kalannie, WA Not specified
Kalannie, WA Not specified
Moonyoonooka, WA Not specified
Scaddan, WA Not specified
Tammin, WA Not specified
Tenindewa, WA Not specified
York, WA Not specified
Derived trial site soil information
Australian Soil Classification Source: ASRIS
Trial site Soil order
Grass Patch, WA Calcarosol
Hines Hill, WA Calcarosol
Kalannie, WA Sodosol
Kalannie, WA Sodosol
Moonyoonooka, WA Chromosol
Scaddan, WA Calcarosol
Tammin, WA Sodosol
Tenindewa, WA Tenosol
York, WA Sodosol
National soil grid Source: CSIRO/TERN
NOTE: National Soil Grid data is aggregated information for background information on the wider area
Actual soil values can vary significantly in a small area and the trial soil tests are the most relevant data where available

Soil properties

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Climate

Moonyoonooka WA 2022


Observed climate information

Rainfall avg ann (mm) 443.5mm
Rainfall avg gsr (mm) 397.5mm
Rainfall trial total (mm) 566.6mm
Rainfall trial gsr (mm) 526.8mm

Tenindewa WA 2022


Observed climate information

Rainfall avg ann (mm) 298.3mm
Rainfall avg gsr (mm) 234.2mm
Rainfall trial total (mm) 317.4mm
Rainfall trial gsr (mm) 260.4mm

Derived climate information

Grass Patch WA

Hines Hill WA

Kalannie WA

Kalannie WA

Moonyoonooka WA

Scaddan WA

Tammin WA

Tenindewa WA

York WA

Grass Patch WA

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Hines Hill WA

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Kalannie WA

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Kalannie WA

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Moonyoonooka WA

NOTE: Exact trial site locality unknown - Climate data may not be accurate
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Scaddan WA

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Tammin WA

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Tenindewa WA

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York WA

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Some data on this site is sourced from the Bureau of Meteorology

SILO weather estimates sourced from https://www.longpaddock.qld.gov.au/silo/
Jeffrey, S.J., Carter, J.O., Moodie, K.B. and Beswick, A.R. (2001). Using spatial interpolation to construct a comprehensive archive of Australian climate data , Environmental Modelling and Software, Vol 16/4, pp 309-330. DOI: 10.1016/S1364-8152(01)00008-1.

Trial report and links

Safflower Agronomy and Extension Annual Results Report



Trial last modified: 31-03-2023 12:00pm AEST