| Researcher(s) |
Mike Ashworth Zhanglong Cao Roberto Rocha |
|---|---|
| Contact email | mike.ashworth@uwa.edu.au |
| Year(s) | 2022 |
| Contributor | School of Agriculture and Environment - The University of Western Australia |
| Trial location(s) |
Beverley, WA
Brookton, WA Muresk, WA |
This project assesses the herbicide bioavailability of singular and mixed chemistries for a total of 18 herbicide treatments when applied across two different times of sowing (TOS). These TOS treatments include dry seeded before weed emergence, negating the need for a glyphosate knockdown and delayed seeding following a 5-week delay, into moisture and following a weed germination.
When dry seeding (TOS 1), herbicides such as Voraxor, Trifluralin, Avadex, Overwatch and the mixture of Overwatch+Avadex were found to be ineffective at reducing ARG seed production. However, herbicide treatments including Trifluralin+Mateno Complete, Triallate+Sakura, straight Sakura, Overwatch+Sakura, Trifluralin+ Sakura and Mateno Complete were found to be the most effective at reducing ARG seed production across the Brookton, Beverley and Muresk sites in 2022 (Figure 5).
When seeding is delayed following an effective knockdown herbicide application (glyphosate), it was found that the ARG seed production was greatly reduced in the nil control. The application of pre-emergent herbicides further reduced ARG seed production as compared to the knockdown treatment alone. In TOS 2, a wider range of herbicide treatments were effective in reducing ARG seed production. Herbicide treatments such as Trifluralin+Mateno Complete, Triallate+Sakura, Overwatch+Sakura, Voraxor+Sakura, Triallate+Overwatch, Triallate+Luximax, Trifluralin+Overwatch and straight Sakura or Mateno Complete all provided effective control of ARG seed production. The standalone herbicide treatment of Voraxor, Avadex, and Trifluralin, which are all shown in Figure 3 to provide limited residual efficacy, all resulted in larger ARG seed production (Figure 5).
| Lead research organisation |
Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative |
|---|---|
| Host research organisation |
Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative |
| Trial funding source | GRDC UOA1711-005RTX |
| Related program | N/A |
| Acknowledgments | N/A |
| Other trial partners | Not specified |
| Crop types | Cereal (Grain): Wheat Weed: Ryegrass |
|---|---|
| Treatment type(s) |
|
| Trial type | Experimental |
| Trial design | Randomised,Replicated,Blocked |
| Sow date | 8th May and 16 June, 2022 |
|---|---|
| Harvest date | Unknown |
| Trial design method | RCBD Randomised Complete Block Design |
| Plot size | 2.2m x 10m |
| Plot replication | 4 |
| Plot randomisation | Y |
| Fertiliser |
To ensure optimal wheat growth, 100 kg/ha Gusto Gold (Summit Fertilisers Australia) (N – 10.2%, P- 13.1%, K- 12%, S- 7.6%, Cu- 0.07%, Zn- 0.14% and Mn- 0.01%) was drilled 3cm below the seed to minimise contact with the germinating wheat seed. To optimise crop growth supplementary nitrogen fertiliser in the form of urea (Summit fertilisers Australia) (N- 46%) was applied to all plots at Zadok’s growth stage Z22 and Z39. |
| Herbicide |
Immediately prior to seeding, the whole experimental area was treated with 1.5L ha–1 Roundup Ultramax (Glyphosate 540 g/L, Sinochem Australia), 100ml ha–1 Lontrel (Clopyralid 750g/L, DowAgrosciences Australia), to control all germinated weeds; followed by the application of each individual plot’s pre-emergent herbicide treatment (Refer to the trial report for treatment details). To control dicotyledonous species such as wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.), all plots had a post emergent application of 670 ml/ha Velocity (210 g L Bromoxynil + 37.5 g L Pyrasulfotole, Bayer Australia). |
| Fungicide |
The wheat seed was treated with a fungicide/insecticide seed treatment comprising of 300ml/ha of Uniform [322 g/L Azoxystrobin + 124 g/L Metalaxyl-M, Syngenta Australia] and 500mL/ha Aviator Xpro [75 g/L bixafen + 150 g/L prothioconazole, Syngenta Australia], applied to the fertiliser to protect against foliar fungal disease |
| Sow date | Not applicable |
|---|---|
| Harvest date | Not applicable |
| Trial design method | RCBD Randomised Complete Block Design |
| Plot size | 2.2m x 10m |
| Plot replication | 4 |
| Plot randomisation | Y |
| Fertiliser | Not specified |
| Herbicide | Not specified |
| Fungicide | Not specified |
| Sow date | 8th May and 16 June, 2022 |
|---|---|
| Harvest date | Unknown |
| Trial design method | RCBD Randomised Complete Block Design |
| Plot size | 2.2m x 10m |
| Plot replication | 4 |
| Plot randomisation | Y |
| Fertiliser |
To ensure optimal wheat growth, 100 kg/ha Gusto Gold (Summit Fertilisers Australia) (N – 10.2%, P- 13.1%, K- 12%, S- 7.6%, Cu- 0.07%, Zn- 0.14% and Mn- 0.01%) was drilled 3cm below the seed to minimise contact with the germinating wheat seed. To optimise crop growth supplementary nitrogen fertiliser in the form of urea (Summit fertilisers Australia) (N- 46%) was applied to all plots at Zadok’s growth stage Z22 and Z39. |
| Herbicide |
Immediately prior to seeding, the whole experimental area was treated with 1.5L ha–1 Roundup Ultramax (Glyphosate 540 g/L, Sinochem Australia), 100ml ha–1 Lontrel (Clopyralid 750g/L, DowAgrosciences Australia), to control all germinated weeds; followed by the application of each individual plot’s pre-emergent herbicide treatment (Refer to the trial report for treatment details). To control dicotyledonous species such as wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.), all plots had a post emergent application of 670 ml/ha Velocity (210 g L Bromoxynil + 37.5 g L Pyrasulfotole, Bayer Australia). |
| Fungicide |
The wheat seed was treated with a fungicide/insecticide seed treatment comprising of 300ml/ha of Uniform [322 g/L Azoxystrobin + 124 g/L Metalaxyl-M, Syngenta Australia] and 500mL/ha Aviator Xpro [75 g/L bixafen + 150 g/L prothioconazole, Syngenta Australia], applied to the fertiliser to protect against foliar fungal disease |
| Sow date | Not applicable |
|---|---|
| Harvest date | Not applicable |
| Trial design method | RCBD Randomised Complete Block Design |
| Plot size | 2.2m x 10m |
| Plot replication | 4 |
| Plot randomisation | Y |
| Fertiliser | Not specified |
| Herbicide | Not specified |
| Fungicide | Not specified |
| Sow date | 8th May and 16 June, 2022 |
|---|---|
| Harvest date | Unknown |
| Trial design method | RCBD Randomised Complete Block Design |
| Plot size | 2.2m x 10m |
| Plot replication | 4 |
| Plot randomisation | Y |
| Fertiliser |
To ensure optimal wheat growth, 100 kg/ha Gusto Gold (Summit Fertilisers Australia) (N – 10.2%, P- 13.1%, K- 12%, S- 7.6%, Cu- 0.07%, Zn- 0.14% and Mn- 0.01%) was drilled 3cm below the seed to minimise contact with the germinating wheat seed. To optimise crop growth supplementary nitrogen fertiliser in the form of urea (Summit fertilisers Australia) (N- 46%) was applied to all plots at Zadok’s growth stage Z22 and Z39. |
| Herbicide |
Immediately prior to seeding, the whole experimental area was treated with 1.5L ha–1 Roundup Ultramax (Glyphosate 540 g/L, Sinochem Australia), 100ml ha–1 Lontrel (Clopyralid 750g/L, DowAgrosciences Australia), to control all germinated weeds; followed by the application of each individual plot’s pre-emergent herbicide treatment (Refer to the trial report for treatment details). To control dicotyledonous species such as wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.), all plots had a post emergent application of 670 ml/ha Velocity (210 g L Bromoxynil + 37.5 g L Pyrasulfotole, Bayer Australia). |
| Fungicide |
The wheat seed was treated with a fungicide/insecticide seed treatment comprising of 300ml/ha of Uniform [322 g/L Azoxystrobin + 124 g/L Metalaxyl-M, Syngenta Australia] and 500mL/ha Aviator Xpro [75 g/L bixafen + 150 g/L prothioconazole, Syngenta Australia], applied to the fertiliser to protect against foliar fungal disease |
| Sow date | Not applicable |
|---|---|
| Harvest date | Not applicable |
| Trial design method | RCBD Randomised Complete Block Design |
| Plot size | 2.2m x 10m |
| Plot replication | 4 |
| Plot randomisation | Y |
| Fertiliser | Not specified |
| Herbicide | Not specified |
| Fungicide | Not specified |
SILO weather estimates sourced from https://www.longpaddock.qld.gov.au/silo/
Jeffrey, S.J., Carter, J.O., Moodie, K.B. and Beswick, A.R. (2001). Using spatial interpolation to
construct a comprehensive archive of Australian climate data , Environmental Modelling and Software, Vol
16/4, pp 309-330. DOI: 10.1016/S1364-8152(01)00008-1.
