To improve knowledge of Rosinweed and Star of Bethlehem biology in grain growing regions of western Victoria and collect preliminary evidence of effective control options for further validation and extension.

Key Messages Star of Bethlehem:

• Ally® (metsulfuron) and paraquat were the most effective post-emergent herbicides in the pot studies, which prevented formation of any bulbs by the Star of Bethlehem (SoB).
• Pre-emergent herbicides were largely ineffective in pot studies for controlling SoB with the only product showing efficacy being Glean® (chlorsulfuron).
• From field studies contact herbicides such as paraquat showed greatest visual efficacy.The impact on bulb set is yet to be assessed.
• As experienced by growers, glyphosate has limited activity against SoB.

Key Messages Rosinweed:

• Rosinweed is difficult to control due to its perennial nature, large, interconnected root system, and densely hairy leaves.
• Mixes containing glyphosate and 2,4-D ester provided best control which is the current best practice.
• There are limited options outside of what is currently viewed as best practice and as such this weed needs further investigation to identify alternative opportunities, particularly in sensitive spray areas.