To present a case study from the Cool Soils Initiative with Peter Campbell to review how Peter’s soil carbon management practices have changed in his farming system have changed over the past 5 years. 

• During the first few years of application, post-harvest application of fertiliser does not have a statistically measurable impact on soil organic carbon (SOC). There may be a positive result after 5-10 years but the monetary value of that stored carbon would have to be significant to recoup the costs of applying fertiliser over this time.
• There are benefits in continuing to focus on maintaining soil cover and soil organic matter, even if SOC levels do not increase. Maintaining high microbial activity will have many physical, chemical, and biological benefits that go beyond the actual SOC value.