| Researcher(s) |
Catherine Borger Arslan Peerzada |
|---|---|
| Contact email | arslan.peerzada@dpird.wa.gov.au |
| Contact phone | 0460 040 840 |
| Year(s) | 2024 |
| Contributor | Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development WA |
| Trial location(s) |
Jibberding, WA
|
To compare different combinations of crop sequences and intensities of herbicide programs for control of in-crop brome grass infestations and soil seed banks in western grain regions.
Barley reduced seed production of brome grass (i.e., great brome, Bromus diandrus Roth) in the first year, demonstrating superior weed suppression compared to wheat and lupins.
Lupins offered limited reproductive suppression (i.e. brome still had high seed set), despite initially suppressing weed density in addition to herbicide application.
Treatment structure included no break (wheat), or a 1 year break, 2 year break or 3 year break, with low or high herbicide inputs.
|
Treatment |
Strategy |
Input level |
Year 1- 2024 |
Year 2 - 2025 |
Year 3 - 2026 |
|
1 |
Traditional (no break) |
Control |
Wheat (Calibre) Trifluralin 480 (2 L/ha) + Monza® (25 g/ha) |
Wheat (Calibre) Overwatch® (1.25 L/ha) + Trifluralin 480 (2 L/ha) |
CL Wheat Sakura® 850 WG (118 g/ha) + Avadex® Xtra (2.4 L/ha) fb Monza® (25g/ha) |
|
2 |
1-year break |
Low Input rotations |
Lupins (PBA Jurien) Propyzamide 900 WG (1 L/ha) + Simazine 900 WG (1 kg/ha) fb Quizalofop 200 (190 mL/ha) [+ Clethodim 240 EC (500 mL/ha)] |
Wheat (Calibre) Overwatch® (1.25 L/ha) + Trifluralin 480 (2L /ha) |
CL Wheat Sakura® 850 WG (118 g/ha) + Avadex® Xtra (2.4 L/ha) |
|
3 |
2-year break |
|
CL Barley (Maximus CL) Trifluralin 480 (2 L/ha) fb Intervix® (750 mL/ha) |
XC Canola Knockdown* fb Roundup Ready® with Plantshield®) (0.9 kg L/ha) |
CL Wheat Sakura® 850 WG (118 g/ha) + Avadex® Xtra (2.4 L/ha) |
|
4 |
3-year break |
|
CL Barley (Maximus CL) Trifluralin 480 (2 L/ha) fb Intervix® (750 mL/ha) |
XC Canola Intervix® (750 mL/ha) + Roundup Ready® with Plantshield®) (0.9 kg L/ha) |
CL Wheat Trifluralin 480 (2 L/ha) fb Intervix® (750 mL/ha) [and Diuron 900 at 550g/ha as pre-emergent for volunteer canola] |
|
5 |
1-year break |
High Input rotations |
Lupins (PBA Jurien) Propyzamide 900 (1 L/ha) + Simazine 900 (1kg/ha) fb Quizalofop 200 (190 mL/ha) + [Clethodim 240 EC (500 mL/ha) + Butroxydim 250WG (180 g/ha)] |
Wheat (Calibre) Overwatch (1.25 L/ha) + Trifluralin 480 (2 L/ha) fb Monza® (25 g/ha) |
CL Wheat Sakura® 850 WG (118 g/ha) + Avadex® Xtra (2.4 L/ha) fb Monza® (25 g/ha) |
|
6 |
2-year break |
|
CL Barley (Maximus CL) Trifluralin 480 (2L/ha) + Metribuzin 750 WG (135g/ha) fb Intervix® (750 mL/ha) |
XC Canola Propyzamide 900 (pre) (1 L/ha) fb Roundup Ready® with Plantshield® (0.9 kg L/ha) |
CL Wheat Sakura® 850 WG (118 g/ha) + Avadex® Xtra (2.4 L/ha) fb Monza® (25g/ha) |
|
7 |
3-year break |
|
CL Barley (Maximus CL) Trifluralin 480 (2L ha) + Metribuzin 750 WG (135g/ha) fb Intervix® (750 mL/ha) |
XC Canola Propyzamide 900 (pre) (1 L/ha) fb Intervix® (750 mL/ha) + Roundup Ready® with Plantshield® (0.9 kg L/ha) |
CL Wheat Sakura® 850 WG (118 g/ha) + Avadex® Xtra (2.4 L/ha) fb Intervix® (750 mL/ha) |
|
Treatment |
Strategy |
Input level |
Year 1- 2024 |
Year 2 - 2025 |
Year 3 - 2026 |
|
1 |
Traditional (no break) |
Control |
Wheat (Calibre) Trifluralin 480 (2 L/ha) + Monza® (25 g/ha) |
Wheat (Calibre) Overwatch® (1.25 L/ha) + Trifluralin 480 (2 L/ha) |
CL Wheat Sakura® 850 WG (118 g/ha) + Avadex® Xtra (2.4 L/ha) fb Monza® (25g/ha) |
|
2 |
1-year break |
Low Input rotations |
Lupins (PBA Jurien) Propyzamide 900 WG (1 L/ha) + Simazine 900 WG (1 kg/ha) fb Quizalofop 200 (190 mL/ha) [+ Clethodim 240 EC (500 mL/ha)] |
Wheat (Calibre) Overwatch® (1.25 L/ha) + Trifluralin 480 (2L /ha) |
CL Wheat Sakura® 850 WG (118 g/ha) + Avadex® Xtra (2.4 L/ha) |
|
3 |
2-year break |
|
CL Barley (Maximus CL) Trifluralin 480 (2 L/ha) fb Intervix® (750 mL/ha) |
XC Canola Knockdown* fb Roundup Ready® with Plantshield®) (0.9 kg L/ha) |
CL Wheat Sakura® 850 WG (118 g/ha) + Avadex® Xtra (2.4 L/ha) |
|
4 |
3-year break |
|
CL Barley (Maximus CL) Trifluralin 480 (2 L/ha) fb Intervix® (750 mL/ha) |
XC Canola Intervix® (750 mL/ha) + Roundup Ready® with Plantshield®) (0.9 kg L/ha) |
CL Wheat Trifluralin 480 (2 L/ha) fb Intervix® (750 mL/ha) [and Diuron 900 at 550g/ha as pre-emergent for volunteer canola] |
|
5 |
1-year break |
High Input rotations |
Lupins (PBA Jurien) Propyzamide 900 (1 L/ha) + Simazine 900 (1kg/ha) fb Quizalofop 200 (190 mL/ha) + [Clethodim 240 EC (500 mL/ha) + Butroxydim 250WG (180 g/ha)] |
Wheat (Calibre) Overwatch (1.25 L/ha) + Trifluralin 480 (2 L/ha) fb Monza® (25 g/ha) |
CL Wheat Sakura® 850 WG (118 g/ha) + Avadex® Xtra (2.4 L/ha) fb Monza® (25 g/ha) |
|
6 |
2-year break |
|
CL Barley (Maximus CL) Trifluralin 480 (2L/ha) + Metribuzin 750 WG (135g/ha) fb Intervix® (750 mL/ha) |
XC Canola Propyzamide 900 (pre) (1 L/ha) fb Roundup Ready® with Plantshield® (0.9 kg L/ha) |
CL Wheat Sakura® 850 WG (118 g/ha) + Avadex® Xtra (2.4 L/ha) fb Monza® (25g/ha) |
|
7 |
3-year break |
|
CL Barley (Maximus CL) Trifluralin 480 (2L ha) + Metribuzin 750 WG (135g/ha) fb Intervix® (750 mL/ha) |
XC Canola Propyzamide 900 (pre) (1 L/ha) fb Intervix® (750 mL/ha) + Roundup Ready® with Plantshield® (0.9 kg L/ha) |
CL Wheat Sakura® 850 WG (118 g/ha) + Avadex® Xtra (2.4 L/ha) fb Intervix® (750 mL/ha) |
In this 3 year trial, wheat with pre-emergent herbicides for three years is the base rotation.
|
Treatment |
Strategy |
Input level |
Year 1- 2024 |
Year 2 - 2025 |
Year 3 - 2026 |
|
1 |
Traditional (no break) |
Control |
Wheat (Calibre) Trifluralin 480 (2 L/ha) + Monza® (25 g/ha) |
Wheat (Calibre) Overwatch® (1.25 L/ha) + Trifluralin 480 (2 L/ha) |
CL Wheat Sakura® 850 WG (118 g/ha) + Avadex® Xtra (2.4 L/ha) fb Monza® (25g/ha) |
|
2 |
1-year break |
Low Input rotations |
Lupins (PBA Jurien) Propyzamide 900 WG (1 L/ha) + Simazine 900 WG (1 kg/ha) fb Quizalofop 200 (190 mL/ha) [+ Clethodim 240 EC (500 mL/ha)] |
Wheat (Calibre) Overwatch® (1.25 L/ha) + Trifluralin 480 (2L /ha) |
CL Wheat Sakura® 850 WG (118 g/ha) + Avadex® Xtra (2.4 L/ha) |
|
3 |
2-year break |
|
CL Barley (Maximus CL) Trifluralin 480 (2 L/ha) fb Intervix® (750 mL/ha) |
XC Canola Knockdown* fb Roundup Ready® with Plantshield®) (0.9 kg L/ha) |
CL Wheat Sakura® 850 WG (118 g/ha) + Avadex® Xtra (2.4 L/ha) |
|
4 |
3-year break |
|
CL Barley (Maximus CL) Trifluralin 480 (2 L/ha) fb Intervix® (750 mL/ha) |
XC Canola Intervix® (750 mL/ha) + Roundup Ready® with Plantshield®) (0.9 kg L/ha) |
CL Wheat Trifluralin 480 (2 L/ha) fb Intervix® (750 mL/ha) [and Diuron 900 at 550g/ha as pre-emergent for volunteer canola] |
|
5 |
1-year break |
High Input rotations |
Lupins (PBA Jurien) Propyzamide 900 (1 L/ha) + Simazine 900 (1kg/ha) fb Quizalofop 200 (190 mL/ha) + [Clethodim 240 EC (500 mL/ha) + Butroxydim 250WG (180 g/ha)] |
Wheat (Calibre) Overwatch (1.25 L/ha) + Trifluralin 480 (2 L/ha) fb Monza® (25 g/ha) |
CL Wheat Sakura® 850 WG (118 g/ha) + Avadex® Xtra (2.4 L/ha) fb Monza® (25 g/ha) |
|
6 |
2-year break |
|
CL Barley (Maximus CL) Trifluralin 480 (2L/ha) + Metribuzin 750 WG (135g/ha) fb Intervix® (750 mL/ha) |
XC Canola Propyzamide 900 (pre) (1 L/ha) fb Roundup Ready® with Plantshield® (0.9 kg L/ha) |
CL Wheat Sakura® 850 WG (118 g/ha) + Avadex® Xtra (2.4 L/ha) fb Monza® (25g/ha) |
|
7 |
3-year break |
|
CL Barley (Maximus CL) Trifluralin 480 (2L ha) + Metribuzin 750 WG (135g/ha) fb Intervix® (750 mL/ha) |
XC Canola Propyzamide 900 (pre) (1 L/ha) fb Intervix® (750 mL/ha) + Roundup Ready® with Plantshield® (0.9 kg L/ha) |
CL Wheat Sakura® 850 WG (118 g/ha) + Avadex® Xtra (2.4 L/ha) fb Intervix® (750 mL/ha) |
| Lead research organisation |
School of Agriculture, Food and Wine - The University of Adelaide |
|---|---|
| Host research organisation |
Liebe Group |
| Trial funding source | GRDC UOA2303-006RTX |
| Related program | N/A |
| Acknowledgments |
This is a GRDC-invested project, UOA2303-006RTX Effective control of brome grass in the southern and western cropping zones. This site is managed by the Liebe group as one of two sites across the Wheatbelt that aim to evaluate the crop rotation benefits of a two or three-year break on the management of brome grass. Thanks to Living Farm for their assistance in implementing the trial. |
| Other trial partners | Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Western Australia |
| Crop types | Cereal (Grain): Barley Grain Legume: Lupins Cereal (Grain): Wheat |
|---|---|
| Treatment type(s) |
|
| Trial type | Experimental |
| Trial design | Randomised,Replicated |
| Sow rate or Target density | 90 kg/ha |
|---|---|
| Sowing machinery |
Barley cv. Maximus CL. Sowing depth: 10 mm (variable due to prior tillage) Sowing equipment: Knife points and press wheels Tillage type: Minimum tillage Soil moisture, depth (cm): Poor >5 cm Seed bed: Tilled (Discs) Clod size: None Stubble loading: <10% |
| Sow date | 17 May 2024 |
| Harvest date | 1 November 2024 |
| Trial design method | RCBD Randomised Complete Block Design |
| Total plots | 28 |
| Plot size | 10m x 2m |
| Plot replication | 4 |
| Psuedoreplication | Not specified |
| Plot blocking | Not specified |
| Plot randomisation | N |
| Fertiliser |
17/05/2024 Urea (50 kg/ha) – cereal only 17/05/2024 Macro Pro Extra (100 kg/ha) 09/07/2024 UAN (100 L/ha) |
| Herbicide |
All plots: 17/05/2024 Nufarm WeedMaster DST (2000 mL/ha) 14/11/2024 Reglone non-residual herbicide (2 L/ha) Treatment 3 and 4. Trifluralin 480 (2 L/ha) fb Intervix® (750 mL/ha) at sowing. Treatment 6 and 7. Trifluralin 480 (2L/ha) + Metribuzin 750 WG (135g/ha) fb Intervix® (750 mL/ha) at sowing. |
| Insecticide |
17/05/2024 Chlorpyrifos 500 1 L/ha 17/05/2024 Bifenthrin 100EC (100ml/ha) |
| Fungicide | Not specified |
| Tillage | Not specified |
| Sow rate or Target density | 100 kg/ha |
|---|---|
| Sowing machinery |
Lupins cv. PBA Jurien. Sowing depth: 10 mm (variable due to prior tillage) Sowing equipment: Knife points and press wheels Tillage type: Minimum tillage Soil moisture, depth (cm): Poor >5 cm Seed bed: Tilled (Discs) Clod size: None Stubble loading: <10% |
| Sow date | 17 May 2024 |
| Harvest date | 1 November 2024 |
| Trial design method | RCBD Randomised Complete Block Design |
| Total plots | 26 |
| Plot size | 10m x 2m |
| Plot replication | 4 |
| Psuedoreplication | Not specified |
| Plot blocking | 2 |
| Plot randomisation | Y |
| Fertiliser |
17/05/2024 Urea (50 kg/ha) – cereal only 17/05/2024 Macro Pro Extra (100 kg/ha) 09/07/2024 UAN (100 L/ha) |
| Herbicide |
17/05/2024 Nufarm WeedMaster DST (2000 mL/ha). Treatment 2. Propyzamide 900 WG (1 L/ha) + Simazine 900 WG (1 kg/ha) fb Quizalofop 200 (190 mL/ha) [+ Clethodim 240 EC (500 mL/ha)]. Treatment 5. Propyzamide 900 (1 L/ha) + Simazine 900 (1kg/ha) fb Quizalofop 200 (190 mL/ha) + [Clethodim 240 EC (500 mL/ha) + Butroxydim 250WG (180 g/ha)]. |
| Insecticide |
17/05/2024 Chlorpyrifos 500 1 L/ha 17/05/2024 Bifenthrin 100EC (100ml/ha) |
| Fungicide | Not specified |
| Tillage | Not specified |
| Sow rate or Target density | 80 kg/ha |
|---|---|
| Sowing machinery |
Wheat cv. Calibre. Sowing depth: 10 mm (variable due to prior tillage) Sowing equipment: Knife points and press wheels Tillage type: Minimum tillage Soil moisture, depth (cm): Poor >5 cm Seed bed: Tilled (Discs) Clod size: None Stubble loading: <10% |
| Sow date | 17 May 2024 |
| Harvest date | 1 November 2024 |
| Trial design method | CRD Completely Randomised Design |
| Total plots | 28 |
| Plot size | 10m x 2m |
| Plot replication | 4 |
| Psuedoreplication | Not specified |
| Plot blocking | Not specified |
| Plot randomisation | N |
| Fertiliser |
17/05/2024 Urea (50 kg/ha) – cereal only 17/05/2024 Macro Pro Extra (100 kg/ha) 09/07/2024 UAN (100 L/ha) |
| Herbicide |
17/05/2024 Nufarm WeedMaster DST (2000 mL/ha). Trifluralin 480 (2 L/ha) + Monza® (25 g/ha). 14/11/2024 Reglone non-residual herbicide (2 L/ha) |
| Insecticide |
17/05/2024 Chlorpyrifos 500 1 L/ha 17/05/2024 Bifenthrin 100EC (100ml/ha) |
| Fungicide |
|
| Tillage | Minimum tillage |
| # |
Treatment 1
|
Treatment 2
|
Treatment 3
|
Brome grass density (plants/m2) | Brome grass seed yield (seeds/m2) | Plant density (plants/m2) | Grain yield (t/ha) | Brome grass panicles (panicles/m2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | █ Treatment 1 | █ Wheat | █ Control | 244.1 | 11113 | 115 | 5.73 | 459.1 |
| 2 | █ Treatment 2 | █ Lupins | █ Low herbicide inputs | 196.7 | 9025 | 64 | 3.21 | 339.8 |
| 3 | █ Treatment 3 | █ Barley | █ Low herbicide inputs | 303 | 1479 | 164 | 6.987 | 101 |
| 4 | █ Treatment 4 | █ Barley | █ Low herbicide inputs | 246.4 | 2372 | 163 | 6.644 | 110.2 |
| 5 | █ Treatment 5 | █ Lupins | █ High herbicide inputs | 169.1 | 10806 | 64.7 | 3.33 | 468.3 |
| 6 | █ Treatment 6 | █ Barley | █ High herbicide inputs | 260.9 | 1945 | 149.3 | 7.226 | 110.2 |
| 7 | █ Treatment 7 | █ Barley | █ High herbicide inputs | 253.3 | 2438 | 155.3 | 6.935 | 105.6 |
SILO weather estimates sourced from https://www.longpaddock.qld.gov.au/silo/
Jeffrey, S.J., Carter, J.O., Moodie, K.B. and Beswick, A.R. (2001). Using spatial interpolation to construct a comprehensive archive of Australian climate data , Environmental Modelling and Software, Vol 16/4, pp 309-330. DOI: 10.1016/S1364-8152(01)00008-1.
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