• Effective management of clethodim-resistant ryegrass can be achieved by using combinations of control tactics, effective herbicide strategies, and more competitive crops.
• Oaten hay remains one of the most effective phases for ryegrass management but effective control of ryegrass regrowth and seed set are of critical importance.

• The optimum agronomic sowing window for field pea coincided with high blackspot in many districts of South Australia in 2015.
• Under such high disease risk situations, growers in low rainfall areas may be best suited to choose alternative break crop options to field pea to avoid significant yield losses through delayed sowing or disease infection.
• Experimental fungicide treatments with greater efficacy than mancozeb showed improved blackspot control and significant yield increases over the nil and mancozeb treatments in 2015. Further assessment and application approval is still required.

Prevention of bacterial blight (BB):

• In frost prone areas, sow field pea varieties that have some resistance against BB
• Use seed that was harvested from a crop that was free of BB
• Do not apply herbicides to the crop if there is a risk of frost as this can increase the
• risk of BB

If bacterial blight infects a crop:

• Do not drive over the paddock as bacteria will spread on wheels of vehicle
• Harvest the infected pea crop after uninfected crops, to prevent spread of bacteria
• through the harvester to other pea seed
• Do not spread stubble or hay from the infected crop to other paddocks as bacteria
• will survive in the stubble
• Do not keep pea seed for next years’ crop
• No sprays or seed dressings can control BB effectively

• Barley varieties differ in coleoptile length and their ability to emerge from depth.
• Care at sowing should be taken when Triadimenol based dressings are used in conjunction with short coleoptile varieties such as Hindmarsh.
• Choosing a long coleoptile variety, or combining higher seeding rates with a Carboxin based dressing may help counteract some of the plant establishment losses from deeper sowing.

• Varieties responded similarly in yield and all quality parameters to applied N. Variety choice played a more important role on overall yield and quality than N management.
• Averaged across all N treatments Fathom yielded highest at 3.30t/ha, and late maturing variety Wimmera the lowest at 2.47t/ha.
• No applied N, yielded 2.88t/ha, while 40kgN, applied at GS30, yielded 3.12 t/ha.
• Using the Greenseeker, improved agronomic N efficiency by more than 50% over all other N treatments.

• Higher grain yields were achieved in all varieties from early sowing in 2011.
• Buloke and Commander were not yield responsive to nitrogen despite early biomass responses at both sowing dates.
• Hindmarsh was more responsive to nitrogen than Buloke and Commander, showing an average 0.6 t/ha response to nitrogen across both sowing dates.
• Grain protein exceeded 12% with delayed sowing, while the strategic approach to applied N achieved protein levels less than 12% at earlier sowing in Buloke and Commander.

• Simulated grazing significantly reduced grain yield.
• Non-grazed controls were more competitive with annual ryegrass (ARG) reducing the ARG population by 58% compared to the grazed treatments.

• Crop establishment was not affected by row spacing, regardless of barley variety or row width.
• Barley grain yield and quality were unresponsive to row spacing at Hart in 2009.

• Annual ryegrass did not affect crop establishment, but did reduce grain yield.
• Increasing the seed rate from 80 seeds/m2 to 150 seeds/m2 had no significant impact on grain yield, however, increasing the seeding rate to 220seeds/m2 significantly reduced grain yield, by 13%.
• At 220 seeds/m2 25% of the annual ryegrass survived, compared to 45% at 80 seeds/m2.

• LaTrobe, GrangeR, and Skipper had reduced emergence from deeper sowing under both dry and wet sowing conditions. 
• Varieties differed in their sensitivity to sowing time; variety choice and sowing time influenced grain yield and quality more than sowing depth.
• LaTrobe and Fathom were the highest yielding varieties across both sowing dates.
• Commander and Skipper were the only varieties to suffer a yield penalty from early dry sowing.
• GrangeR yielded similar to Commander at earlier sowing but less when delayed.
• Screenings were greater than 7% and retention less than 70% in LaTrobe across both sowing times, and in Commander and GrangeR at earlier sowing only.
• Skipper was the only variety to achieve malt specifications across both sowing times.

• Grazing had no grain yield impact for all barley varieties in the trial with Hindmarsh yielding the highest (1.54t/ha).
• There was no significant difference for dry matter produced between varieties.
• The presence of annual ryegrass decreased the grain yield of Hindmarsh and Urambie by 20% and 42% respectively, but had no impact on Flagship and Maritime grain yields.

• There was no gross margin difference between 225mm (9inch) and 355mm (14inch) row spacings, as it had no impact on grain yield or grain quality.
• Hindmarsh produced the highest grain yields, but Maritime showed the best grain quality.

• Annual ryegrass did not affect crop establishment but did reduce grain yield.
• Seed rate did not influence grain yield or levels of annual ryegrass populations.
• Annual ryegrass populations were found to be significantly lower in Flagship and Maritime plots.

• Early sowing plus large numbers of airborne spores caused severe blackspot infection in pea crops in 2009.
• Winter and spring rain increased severity of blackspot in the pea crops.
• Airborne blackspot spore numbers are expected to be high in 2010 since pea stubbles have severe disease loads.

• The ecology of brome grass has changed, making it more problematic to control in crops. Higher levels of seed dormancy are allowing brome to escape pre-sowing control tactics, resulting in greater in-crop emergence.
• Increased seed dormancy associated with a requirement for cold or chilling. Under field conditions this increased chilling requirement would not be met until late Autumn or early Winter.
• Knockdown herbicides are less effective in the management of highly dormant populations of brome. Therefore, brome grass management has become heavily reliant on Group A and B herbicides, especially the Clearfield(TM) technology, which is expected to increase the risk of herbicide resistance development.
• High levels of seedbank persistence from one year to the next (approximately 25%) means multiyear control of brome grass is required to exhaust seedbanks to manageable levels. Plan a three-year rotation.

• Many techniques can be employed to deplete the brome seedbank but an integrated weed management (IWM) approach reduces reliance on herbicides (ie. imi’s).
• In the best managed paddocks, two years of effective management reduce brome grass seedbank to <50 seeds/m2 (8-32 seed/m2 ).
• The most effective rotations for reducing brome populations incorporated oaten hay, break crops, legumes and CLF cereals.

• Eight trial sites were established across South Eastern Australia to investigate whether soil organic carbon levels can be increased in no-till farming systems, inclusive of adding nutrients to aid the biological breakdown of stubble into soil organic matter.
• After three or five years of treatment, no increase in soil organic carbon could be confirmed across four trial sites. However, it is well known that no-till and stubble retention protects the soil from wind and water erosion and over a longer time-frame soil organic carbon levels may increase. But, based on these results it is likely that any potential increase in soil organic carbon will be small.

• The early growth of commercial and farmer retained canola seed appeared to be similar.
• Jockey fungicide seed treatment improved the yield of farmer retained seed for the triazine and imidazolinone tolerant varieties.
• The conventional variety Hyola 50 was consistently higher yielding when grown from commercial seed.

• Improved knowledge of how canola varieties develop in differing regions and the drivers behind development will assist growers in choosing the correct variety for a particular sowing opportunity.
• The development of site specific optimal flowering windows, where the balance between plant growth and frost and heat risks are accounted for, will allow growers and advisors to match canola variety selection with sowing opportunities.
• Nitrogen is an important driver of canola yields in above average seasons. Low risk techniques to ensure adequate nitrogen supply are critical to capitalise on above average rainfall in the low rainfall zone.

• Early sowing opportunities may provide a great opportunity to maximise canola yield, but selection of the correct variety is important.
• Understanding the drivers behind canola development will help to improve canola management and variety selection.
• Varietal maturity ratings don’t always correlate with varietal phenology.

The grain yield of TT Tornado canola was not significantly affected by nitrogen form (urea or SOA) or timing (IBS to green bud).

Grain yield losses of up to 40% can be caused by clethodim at particular rates and timings. Early application timings were the best to avoid crop damage. Variation does exist between herbicide tolerant crop types (Conventional, Clearfield and TT) and their level of sensitivity to clethodim

• Although chickpea yields were higher than previous years at Hart, the rapid finish to the season favoured earlier flowering and maturing varieties such as GenesisTM079 and Sonali.
• Ryegrass competition at 31 and 86 plants/m2 reduced chickpea grain yield by 31% and 56%, respectively.
• Breeder’s line “Chickpea 4” recorded the lowest yield loss from ryegrass competition at both sites (9% at the low ryegrass density at Hart), and also displayed 35% better tiller suppression than other varieties at Hart.
• Early vigour appeared an important trait in chickpea for improved competiveness with ryegrass, whilst short plant height was a disadvantage.

• As in 2007, dry seasonal conditions did not favor chickpea production in 2008 and consequently early maturity and low grain yields were observed.
• Ryegrass competition of 33 plants/m2 at maturity reduced grain yields of chickpeas by 48%, and 120 plants/m2 reduced grain yields by 82%.
• Genesis079 was the highest yielding variety and is well adapted to short season environments.
• These results confirm previous findings showing chickpeas as a poor competitor, and the unsuitability of control measures such as weed-wiping and crop-topping.

Grain yield losses of up to 40% can be caused by clethodim at particular rates and timings. Early application timings were the best to avoid crop damage. Variation does exist between herbicide tolerant crop types (Conventional, Clearfield and TT) and their level of sensitivity to clethodim

• Varieties with the longest coleoptiles on average were Cutlass and Yitpi with 81 mm and 80 mm, respectively.
• Varieties with the shortest coleoptiles on average were Cobra and Wedgetail with 61 mm and 62 mm, respectively.
• Increasing soil temperature had a negative impact on coleoptile length with an average length of 67 mm recorded at 21°C, compared to 72 mm at 16°C.

Fathom and Keel were the highest yielding feed barley varieties at Hart averaging 5.3 t/ha. GrangeR was the highest yielding malt variety at 5.13 t/ha. Unclassified line Compass (undergoing malt accreditation) yielded similarly at 5.27 t/ha.

Hindmarsh and Fathom were the highest yielding feed varieties at 5.5 t/ha. Unclassified lines (currently undergoing malt accreditation) La Trobe (IGB1101) and Compass (WI4593) also yielded 5.5 t/ha. Commander and GrangeR were the highest yielding malt varieties yielding 5.3 t/ha and 5.1 t/ha, respectively. Buloke, Scope and Charger (CA412402) were the only malt varieties not to meet the minimum retention rate

Fathom (WI4483) was the highest yielding feed variety at 3.3t/ha. Commander and Buloke were the highest yielding malt varieties, averaging 2.94t/ha. Oxford produced the highest screenings of 37.4%. Commander was the only malt variety to meet the minimum retention rate

Feed varieties Hindmarsh, Fleet, Keel and Fathom; and malting varieties Commander and Buloke were the highest yielding barley varieties at Hart in 2011, averaging 3.50 t/ha. No varieties produced screenings in excess of 5%. All malting varieties achieved retention above the required 86%

Feed varieties Capstan, Fleet, and Yarra and malting varieties Buloke, Commander and Oxford were the highest yielding barley varieties at Hart in 2010, averaging 5.59 t/ha. Capstan (9.5%) and the hull-less variety Finniss (12.1%) were the only varieties to produce screenings above 5%

• Oxford, Fleet, Hindmarsh and Keel were the highest yielding feed barley varieties at Hart averaging 4.57 t/ha.
• Navigator, GrangeR and LaTrobe were the highest yielding malt barley varieties averaging 4.68 t/ha.
• RGT Planet (undergoing malt accreditation) was the highest yielding barley variety at Hart, at 5.85 t/ha.

• Oxford, Rosalind, Fathom and Fleet were the highest yielding feed barley varieties at Hart averaging 4.96 t/ha.
• Admiral, Charger and Navigator were the highest yielding commercially available malt varieties averaging 5.28 t/ha.
• Test weights, retention and screening levels were good across the trial with site averages of 65.8 kg/hL, 97.4% and 0.6% respectively.

• Fathom, Keel, Hindmarsh and Fleet were the highest yielding feed barley varieties at Hart averaging 4.8 t/ha.
• La Trobe, Charger and SouthernStar were the highest yielding commercially available malt varieties averaging 4.6 t/ha.
• Compass (pending malt classification) also yielded similar at 4.85 t/ha.

Capstan, Fleet, Lockyer, Commander and Oxford were the highest yielding barley varieties at Hart in 2009, averaging 4.94 t/ha.

The average yield for all barley varieties at Hart was 0.92t/ha ranging from Hindmarsh (1.33t/ha) to Oxford (0.23t/ha).

Greater variation in dry matter production at the water ripe sampling time was observed compared to milky-soft dough. Dry matter production was highest at milky-soft dough and Moby barley consistently had the lowest. Majority of cereal forage varieties had NDF and NDFD levels to meet grade 1 and 2. Feed quality did not decline significantly with later cutting

Grain yields for all durum varieties were good, averaging 4.23 t/ha compared to average wheat and barley trial grain yield of 4.80 t/ha and 4.74 t/ha, respectively. Test weight values were higher than previous years and screening levels low

The grain yield results were very good, averaging 3.72 t/ha for the trial compared to average wheat and barley trial grain yields of 4.07 t/ha and 5.03 t/ha, respectively. Test weight values were higher than previous years and screening levels low

The grain yield results were very low, averaging 0.88t/ha for the trial. Test weight values were low and screening values high for all varieties

The yield results in this trial did not reveal statistically significant differences, although Saintly was the highest yielding variety at 3.16 t/ha. Yawa (WID803) produces significantly higher screenings, 3.8%.

Yawa (WID803) was the highest yielding durum line producing 4.51 t/ha. Caparoi, Hyperno, Tjilkuri and Saintly produced statistically similar yields with and average of 3.83 t/ha

• The average grain yield for all durum varieties was 4.24 t/ha, with six out of eight varieties trialed high yielding at Hart in 2017.
• Grain protein and screening levels were low, while test weight values were high

• The average grain yield for all durum varieties was 4.08 t/ha and the highest yielding variety was Yawa, closely followed by Tjilkuri.
• Grain protein levels were low however, test weight values were high and no varieties exceeded 5% screenings at Hart in 2016.

• The average grain yield for all durum varieties was 3.07 t/ha, with only 0.34 t/ha between all seven varieties trialed.
• Test weight values were high and only two varieties (Hyperno and Yawa) exceeded the minimum 5% screenings level at Hart in 2015.

Hyperno (WID22209) was the highest yielding currently released variety, 3.0 t/ha and of the breeding lines WID803 yielded 3.44 t/ha.

WID802 was the highest yielding durum variety.

The grain varieties Dunnart (2.28t/ha) and Possum (2.17t/ha) were the highest yielding oat varieties at Hart in 2012

The grain variety Echidna and numbered varieties WAOAT2354 and WAOAT2332 were the highest grain yielding oat varieties, averaging 3.53 t/ha. The average grain yield for hay varieties (2.27 t/ha) was significantly lower compared with the average yields for grain varieties (3.13 t/ha)

• The highest yielding commercial oaten hay varieties at Hart in 2009 were Wintaroo, Tungoo and Mulgara, averaging 6.7 t/ha.
• The highest yielding variety was the breeders line, SV9200-3 (8.7 t/ha).

The average dry matter production for the first year pasture and regenerated pasture varieties were very similar, averaging 3.5t/ha in 2012.

Chopper (1.38t/ha) was the highest yielding triticale variety at Hart for the second year in a row

Chopper, Berkshire and Bogong were the highest yielding triticale varieties at Hart in 2011, averaging 3.5 t/ha

Jaywick and Kosciuszko were the highest yielding triticale varieties at Hart in 2009, averaging 3.53 t/ha.

Speedee, Hawkeye and Jaywick were the highest yielding triticale varieties at Hart in 2008.

Cobra and Cosmick were the highest yielding AH varieties at Hart in 2014 yielding 5.17 and 5.03 t/ha, respectively. Corack and Trojan were the highest yielding APW varieties at 5.48 and 5.17 t/ha, respectively. Test weight and screening levels across the trial averaged 83.0 kg/hL and 2.7%. Axe produced the highest wheat grain protein at 10.6%.

Mace was the highest yielding commercially available hard wheat at 4.72 t/ha. Corack was the highest yielding APW variety at 4.42 t/ha. High levels of screenings were observed for Lincoln, Correll and Shield in both 2012 and 2013 at Hart

Axe was the highest yielding commercially available hard wheat at 2.47t/ha. Corack was the highest yielding APW variety at 2.34t/ha. All wheat varieties were above the 11.5% level required for Hard 2

Mace was the highest yielding commercially available hard wheat variety at Hart in 2011, yielding 3.82 t/ha. Espada, Kord CL Plus, Scout and Wyalkatchem were the highest yielding APW varieties, averaging 3.32t/ha

Yitpi, Correll and Mace were the highest yielding hard wheat varieties at Hart in 2010, averaging 4.59 t/ha. Pugsley, Scout, Guardian and Espada were the highest yielding APW varieties, averaging 4.53 t/ha. Axe produced the highest wheat grain protein (10.4%) at Hart in 2010

• There were a number of high yielding (3.82 – 4.24 t/ha) AH varieties at Hart in 2017 including, Beckom, Scepter, Arrow, Cobra, Mace and Scout.
• Trojan and Cutlass were the highest yielding APW varieties at 4.32 and 4.00 t/ha, respectively.
• Test weight and screening levels across the trial were good, averaging 80.2 kg/hL and 0.8%.

• Phantom, Scepter, Cobra and Scout were the highest yielding commercially available AH varieties at Hart in 2016, yielding between 4.01 and 4.28 t/ha.
• Trojan and Cutlass were the highest yielding APW varieties at 4.6 t/ha.
• Test weight and screening levels across the trial averaged 81.2 kg/hL and 0.7%.

• Scepter, Scout, Phantom and Cosmick were the highest yielding commercially available AH varieties at Hart in 2015, yielding between 4.48 and 4.71 t/ha.
• Trojan was the highest yielding APW variety at 4.84 t/ha.
• Test weight and screening levels across the trial averaged 80.5 kg/hL and 2.3%.

• Mace, Wyalkatchem, Pugsley, Derrimut and Gladius were the highest yielding wheat varieties at Hart in 2009, averaging 3.06 t/ha.
• All varieties met the test weight, protein and screening requirements for the maximum achievable grade.

• Axe was the highest yielding wheat variety, at 1.13t/ha.
• Generally the early maturing varieties were higher yielding compared to the late maturing varieties.

• All pre-emergent herbicides provided excellent early control of ryegrass (≥86%) & good crop safety under the knife-point press wheel system.
• Combination of trifluralin & Avadex Xtra followed by PSPE Boxer Gold provided greatest residual control, controlling more than 98% of ryegrass 12 weeks after sowing.
• Boxer Gold applied PSPE has been shown to provide some additional in-row controlof ryegrass.

• Boxer Gold alone or in combination with trifluralin and / or Avadex Xtra provided consistent pre-emergence control of ryegrass, as did trifluralin & Avadex Xtra.
• Although ryegrass control with new pre-emergent herbicide Sakura was lower than in previous years, its tank mixture with Avadex Xtra provided excellent control (86%).
• Boxer Gold & Dual Gold applied PSPE appeared to provide some additional in-row control of ryegrass.

• Affinity mixtures consistently gave the best control of bifora.
• Treatments containing diuron or Buctril MA consistently produced reliable control.
• Precept was also one of the more effective treatments.

• Excellent annual ryegrass control (>85%) with propyzamide either as split application (IBS followed by PSPE) or as a mixture with tri-allate.
• Atrazine also gave effective control this season with rainfall assisting activity (>79%).
• Early crop vigour was suppressed with Outlook & the higher split rate (1 kg/ha IBS followed by 1 kg/ha PSPE) of propyzamide.
• UAN at 20 kg/ha caused some leaf burning, however the crop recovered.

• Measurements in August showed clethodim to give 82% control and pre-emergent treatments to give 85% control of annual ryegrass.
• Averaged across the trial the ryegrass still set 15 heads per square metre.

• Control of net form net blotch using effective fungicides resulted in yield increases of up to 1.0 t/ha compared to nil treatments.
• Two strategic fungicide applications during early-mid growth stages (before end of August) – suppressed disease development and provided control comparable to four applications made every 2-4 weeks from early August.
• Tilt, Amistar Xtra, Opera and Prosaro were effective for control of net form of net blotch.

• Control of net form net blotch using effective fungicides resulted in yield increases of up to 1.0 t/ha compared to nil treatments.
• Two strategic fungicide applications during early-mid growth stages (before end of August) – suppressed disease development and provided control comparable to four applications made every 2-4 weeks from early August.
• Tilt, Amistar Xtra, Opera and Prosaro were effective for control of net form of net blotch.

• Boxer Gold IBS + PSPE or Trifluralin IBS + Avadex Xtra IBS + Dual Gold PSPE gave the best pre-emergent annual ryegrass control in 2009.
• Boxer Gold or Dual Gold applied PSPE significantly improved ryegrass control in the crop row.

• There was no significant change in wheat or ryegrass establishment due to sowing systems or position.
• BAY-191 produced the greatest control of ryegrass, 79%.

• Glyphosate alone at high rates produced poor control of annual ryegrass along the fenceline.
• Spray.seed + Diuron, Round up Power Max + Diuron and Alliance all gave good control of the glyphosate resistant annual ryegrass.

• The best control of ryegrass was from Roundup Powermax at 1.5L/ha, giving 70% control.
• High rates of glyphosate can be effective, but nevertheless lead to increased resistance. Different modes of action should be used where possible.

• Two years of full wild oat control did not exhaust the seedbank to a manageable level.
• A selective post emergent herbicide or an early hay cut were the most effective strategies for reducing the wild oat seedbank.

• One year of full wild oat control reduced the wild oat seedbank to 8 seeds per square metre in 2010.
• A selective post emergent herbicide or an early hay cut were the most effective strategies for reducing the wild oat seedbank.

• In poorer seasons there is no positive economic reward for high nitrogen fertiliser inputs.
• Oats and vetch for either grazing or hay consistently provided positive gross margins.
• Wheat crops which followed a chemical fallow provided the best gross margin in both trials.
• Aim to maximise profits, not necessarily yields.

• Glyphosate at either 1.0 or 1.5L/ha applied at the flowering stage of ryegrass was very effective in reducing the viability of seed set.
• Herbicides applied to barley at the soft or firm dough stage of grain fill did not reduce individual grain weight, grain viability or early plant vigour.

• Glyphosate and glufosinate applied to flowering annual ryegrass give better control compared to later applications. While paraquat and diquat can be applied later.
• Paraquat 0.8L/ha or glyphosate 2.0L/ha applied to flowering ryegrass gave over 90% control of viable seed set per head.
• Glyphosate at 1.0L/ha or glufosinate above 2.0L/ha gave more than 65% control of ryegrass seed heads.
• Herbicides applied to barley at the soft or firm dough stage of grain fill did not reduce grain number, weight or viability.

• All herbicide treatments reduced grain yield by 13% in TOS 1 and at least 8% in TOS 2.
• Glyphosate (540 g/L) at 3.0L/ha was the only treatment to significantly reduce germination, down to 7% at TOS 1 and 88% at TOS 2.
• For each application timing glyphosate (540 g/L), glufosinate (200g/L) and paraquat (250g/L) significantly reduced the germination percentage of ryegrass.

• The no-till sowing system had significantly higher grain yields at Hart in 2011.
• Higher fertiliser nutrition significantly increased protein, but not grain yield.
• The strategic treatment produced the most dry matter and shoot nitrogen.
• Mice damage significantly reduced crop emergence in the disc treatment.

• There was no significant difference between sowing systems or level of nutrition on grain yield but higher grain yield at the higher nitrogen rate.
• Levels of brome grass were higher under the early sowing no-till plots and annual ryegrass was lower in the disc system.

• There was no significant difference between sowing systems or level of nutrition on grain yield.
• Levels of brome grass were higher under the early sowing no-till plots and annual ryegrass was lower in the disc system.
• There is very little difference in long term gross margin between seeding system or level of nutrition.

• The disc and the early sown no-till tillage systems produced the highest grain yields, 1.41t/ha and 1.36t/ha respectively.
• The early sown no-till system had the lowest protein and the highest screenings.
• The disc tillage treatment had the least available soil nitrogen in autumn.

• Durum breeders’ lines screened in 2008 and 2009 do not show consistently improved resistance or tolerance to crown rot.
• Hyperno performed somewhat better than Kalka or Tamaroi.
• Data from at least two seasons is needed to make sound decisions about the response of entries to crown rot.

• Some new durum lines show promise of improved resistance to crown rot.
• Yield loss in Hindmarsh in this trial is a reminder that barley can also exhibit yield loss from crown rot.
• Percentage yield loss from crown rot may only be small in a good season, but this can equate to significant production loss.
• Knowing the risk of yield loss from crown rot in paddocks prior to sowing is an important management strategy.

• Durum breeders’ lines Td17/1 and WID902 showed promise of improved resistance/tolerance to crown rot.
• Hyperno and AGT Katana performed best of the recently released durum wheat and bread wheat cultivars, respectively.
• Gladius expressed significant crown rot symptoms (but not whiteheads) and may contribute to rapid build up of crown rot inoculum.

• Durum breeders’ lines Td17/1 and WID902 showed promise of improved resistance/tolerance to crown rot.
• Hyperno and AGT Katana performed best of the recently released durum wheat and bread wheat cultivars, respectively.
• Gladius expressed significant crown rot symptoms (but not whiteheads) and may contribute to rapid build up of crown rot inoculum.

• Durum breeders’ lines Td17/1 and WID902 showed promise of improved resistance/tolerance to crown rot.
• Hyperno and AGT Katana performed best of the recently released durum wheat and bread wheat cultivars, respectively.
• Gladius expressed significant crown rot symptoms (but not whiteheads) and may contribute to rapid build up of crown rot inoculum.

• Durum breeders’ lines Td17/1 and WID902 showed promise of improved resistance/tolerance to crown rot.
• Hyperno and AGT Katana performed best of the recently released durum wheat and bread wheat cultivars, respectively.
• Gladius expressed significant crown rot symptoms (but not whiteheads) and may contribute to rapid build up of crown rot inoculum.

• Durum breeders’ lines Td17/1 and WID902 showed promise of improved resistance/tolerance to crown rot.
• Hyperno and AGT Katana performed best of the recently released durum wheat and bread wheat cultivars, respectively.
• Gladius expressed significant crown rot symptoms (but not whiteheads) and may contribute to rapid build up of crown rot inoculum.

• In the first year of trials (2012) a 75 kg/ha rate of Crystal Green significantly increased lentil yield by 18% compared to the nil (100%) and DAP treatments.
• In the second year of trials no carry-over effect of Crystal Green or DAP was observed on wheat grain yield.

• Digital photos collected up to GS31 and processed for green ground cover provided a good measure of crop biomass and N uptake.
• Images collected after GS31 had poorer relationships with crop growth.

• A combination of old and new technology is being used to detect and analyse airborne fungal spore patterns affecting cereal and pulse grain crops.
• Intense spore showers were detected for blackspot of field pea and NFNB of barley, but negligible for YLS of wheat, at the experimental site at Hart during the 2013 season.
• Spore dispersal patterns of blackspot of field pea fitted with Blackspot Manager predictions.

• Pasture species were out competed when sown with Fathom barley.
• Even when pasture species were sown as monocultures weed competition reduced biomass production in winter and summer.
• Fathom barley produced the most dry matter and the vetches and peas performed comparatively well.

• The dry sowing treatment had lower crop establishment in all treatments compared to sowing into moist soil.
• No additional herbicide was found in the row after rain for the dry time of sowing.
• For the moist soil sowing treatment there was a greater concentration of herbicide in the inter-row as indicated by the reduced growth of ryegrass.

• Fathom barley was more competitive than Hindmarsh barley, bread wheat and durum
• New durum variety Tjilkuri was no more competitive with ARG than older variety Tamaroi
• Increasing seeding rate reduced ARG head density and increased grain yields in all durum varieties; low seeding rates led to large numbers of ryegrass heads
• Narrower row spacing increased yield and reduced ARG head density in durum
• Early applied N improved early vigour, and reduced ARG head densities, but led to yield penalties due to induced moisture stress